It’s been an unusually busy summer for us here at
FMC. Instead of taking August off like they’re supposed to, Congress
has been charging full steam ahead on various issues, while the FCC has
been starting important new proceedings, all of which keep us here at
FMC typing madly. We’re pleased to present some contributions from
FMC summer interns Brett Keller, Juliet Han and Michael Colangelo in this
edition of the newsletter – look for more from them in the next
few weeks! Also, an administrative apology: in July we switched the newsletter
subscribers to a new database and in the process I (Kristin) lost about
8 requests from folks to unsubscribe from the list. Sorry – just
send another request to unsubscribe@futureofmusic.org
and it will be taken care of promptly.
1. FMC files reply comments at FCC on transition to digital
radio
2. FMC sends letter to Senate Judiciary expressing concerns about INDUCE
Act
3. FMC signs on to letter in support of public performance right
4. Bill to expand low power radio passes key Senate vote
5. FCC calls for comments on localism in radio
6. FMC publishes musician-friendly explanation of DMCA
7. FMC wants to know who YOU are
8. In the Newsstream
9. What we’re doing
FMC files reply comments at FCC on transition to digital radio
On August 2, the FMC, in conjunction with AFTRA, AFM, The Recording
Academy and Recording Artists’ Coalition, filed
reply comments [PDF] in the FCC proceeding on the transition from
analog to digital radio (MM 99-325).
The FCC has opened this proceeding to collect feedback from stakeholders
and citizens about the transition from an analog transmission of radio
to a digital transmission. Unlike analog radio, digital radio will
use spectrum very efficiently. The more precise transmissions would
mean that, theoretically, existing broadcasters would be able to use
the channels adjacent to their current license for other uses. In
other words, a station licensed at 90.1 would be able to use the frequencies
90.0 and 90.2 to send data, video, or offer subscription services.
In our joint filing, the artist groups expressed broad support for
and excitement about the opportunities that digital audio broadcasting
presents to citizens and musicians. Clearly, a more efficient use
of the public spectrum means more opportunities for local programming,
niche shows, and more voices on the air.
However, we also urged the FCC to recognize the potential that DAB
(digital audio broadcast) has to disrupt or diminish existing revenue
streams on which musicians depend. There are already DAB receivers
on the market in Europe and Asia that let radio listeners rewind,
buffer, record and store radio broadcasts and songs (check out http://www.thebug.com/
for an example of one available in the UK). This has led many in the
music industry to be concerned that DAB would diminish CD sales and
even displace the emerging Internet technologies that offer legal
downloads or streams to music fans.
As a result, we called on the FCC to recognize the value of recording
artists’ work and ensure that the DAB transition also includes
a technological and regulatory framework that will ensure that recording
artists, songwriters and copyright owners are fairly compensated in
the future. In particular, we expressed the need for broadcasters
to pay a public performance royalty – a royalty that is currently
paid by webcasters, satellite radio and cable subscriber services
but not by terrestrial broadcasters. To explain this difference: if
you heard Patsy Cline singing “Crazy” on regular radio,
she is not paid a royalty, but the songwriter Willie Nelson is, but
if you heard “Crazy” on XM Radio (a satellite service),
both Patsy Cline and Willie Nelson receive a royalty. FMC feels that
the transition to DAB is the best time harmonize these rights and
ensure that performances on digital radio are compensated via a performance
royalty.
We also urged the FCC to undertake a full rulemaking on any proposed
measures calling for content protection (aka a “broadcast flag”).
Note that FMC is much more interested in a licensing solution than
a content protection solution, though we do recognize the concerns
of many in the music industry.
Read FMC’s joint reply comments filed August 2 here [PDF]
The reply comments is the second document that the FMC has filed with
the FCC on this issue. On June 16th, FMC, in conjunction with AFTRA
and AFM, filed initial comments,
reminding the FCC of their congressional mandate to address localism,
competition, and diversity in the transition, and to include musicians
and performers in the policymaking process – not just radio
broadcasters and technology companies – when building a regulatory
framework for Digital Audio Broadcasting.
FMC Sends Letter to House Judiciary Committee on the INDUCE Act
On August 4, the FMC sent a letter
up to the Senate Judiciary Committee expressing our concerns about the
INDUCE Act. INDUCE is a bill introduced by Senator Orrin Hatch and strongly
supported by the RIAA that creates a new cause of action against technology
companies that “induce” the public to infringe copyrights.
Technology companies are opposed to the bill because they believe it
is overbroad and will eliminate P2P file-sharing as well as future innovations,
even if they have substantial non-infringing uses.
In the letter, FMC brought three points to the committee’s attention,
including:
Creators are stakeholders and should be at the table during these
policy deliberations.
INDUCE assumes that all copyright owners do not want their works
to be shared on a P2P network when preliminary results from the
FMC/Pew Internet survey suggest that many artists believe P2P file-sharing
has helped their careers.
INDUCE does not promote market-based solutions.
Word from Senator Hatch following a July 22 hearing on this bill
is that he wants to work on the language of this bill with stakeholders
throughout the August congressional recess. We will continue to track
this bill.
Read FMC’s letter to the Senate Judiciary Committee here.
Read an explanation of the
INDUCE Act written by FMC volunteer/intern Michael Colangelo.
Also includes a report from the Senate Judiciary’s July 22 hearing
on the bill.
Senate bill bans P2P Networks
"Whoever intentionally induces any violation" of copyright
law would be legally liable for those violations, a prohibition that
would effectively ban file-swapping networks and could also imperil
some consumer electronics devices.
By Declan McCullagh CNET,
June 23, 2004
Techies Blast INDUCE Act
The Senate heard strong opposition from the technology industry on
Thursday about a bill that would hold tech companies responsible for
creating devices that could be used to pirate digital content. But
Sens. Orrin Hatch and Patrick Leahy, the sponsors of the bill, are
determined to move forward with the legislation.
By Katie Dean Wired,
July 23, 2004
Group Wants to Induce Downloads
A coalition of techies and free-speech advocates distributes videos
of Senate hearings about the Induce Act to prove two points: that
the law would be very damaging to the tech industry, and that peer-to-peer
networks can serve the public.
By Xeni Jardin Wired,
August 4, 2004
FMC Signs Letter in Support of the Public Performance Right
On July 22, the FMC joined AFTRA, AFM and RAC in sending
a letter to the House Judiciary Committee [PDF]. The letter was
filed after a July 15 hearing on “Internet Streaming of Radio
Broadcasts” held by the committee, one at which there were no
musicians or musicians’ representatives asked to testify.
In our letter we reminded the Committee about the value of musicians’
work and our undeniable role as stakeholders in these policy debates,
and we urged them to include us in future discussions. We then explained
how musicians and songwriters depend on various and multiple revenue
streams in order to make a living – CD sales, merchandise, touring,
songwriting royalties, and so on. As we move into a digital age, it’s
becoming more obvious that physical CD sales are being replaced by “listens”.
We expressed our enthusiasm for these various technologies and services
that allow musicians to distribute and promote their music in new ways.
But we also urged the Committee to understand how these technologies
are changing the income streams that musicians have traditionally relied
upon, and reiterated the Copyright Office’s call for a comprehensive
performance right in sound recordings, one that would not only be paid
by webcasters and satellite radio (who already pay it), but also by
terrestrial broadcasters (who have avoided paying this for decades).
Bill to expand low power radio passes key Senate Committee vote
On July 22, the Senate Commerce Committee approved by voice S 2505,
the Low Power Radio Act of 2004. Introduced by Senators John McCain
(R-AZ) and Patrick Leahy (D-VT), this bill would repeal the Radio Broadcasting
Preservation Act passed in December 2000, and reauthorize the FCC to
place 100-watt noncommercial radio stations on the third adjacent channel
between existing full power stations.
This legislation expands the FCC’s wildly popular low power radio
service that has created hundreds of community-serving stations since
the licensing class was established in 2000. Because of congressional
action in December 2000, these licenses have been restricted to rural
areas and small towns. If passed, S 2505 would allow for the expansion
of low power stations in more populated and urban areas, where commercial
and corporate radio currently dominates.
The FMC is proud to work in coalition with groups like Prometheus Radio
Project, Media Access Project, National Federation of Community Broadcasters,
National Lawyers Guild, United States Conference of Catholic Bishops,
Recording Artists’ Coalition, AFTRA and many others to support
this important legislation.
With the bill moving past the Senate Commerce Committee, supporters
will look to move a parallel piece of legislation through the House
Commerce Committee. We still have a long road ahead of us, but the July
22 Senate Commerce Committee vote was an historic benchmark in the struggle
to expand the LPFM service to urban markets and larger population centers.
LPFM Passes in Senate Commerce Committee
Despite Broadcasters' Objections, Panel Approves Low Power FM Bill
By Amol Sharma Congressional
Quarterly, July 22, 2004
Low-Power Radio Deserves a Chance
McCain and Leahy introduced the Low Power Radio Act of 2004 to end the
blackout of LPFMs in urban areas. It could clear the way for as many
as 1,000 new stations. Editorial,
San Francisco Gate, July 5, 2004
New Hope for Low Power FM
As a lover of radio and an intermittent broadcast professional I feel
despair at the state of commercial radio today. I heartily agree with
the policy statement, just released by the Future of Music Coalition
regarding low power FM (LPFM).
Eric Olsen Blogcritics,
June 8, 2004
FCC calls for comments on localism in radio
On July 1, the FCC released a Notice
of Inquiry [PDF] to investigate and address localism in radio in
the age of consolidation. This is an important step as it will give
stakeholders, musicians and the public an opportunity to tell the FCC
how they think local radio stations are serving (or not serving) their
communities and what we all think should be done about it.
The FMC expects to actively participate in this proceeding. We’re
currently crafting an online survey that will help us understand what
musicians and music fans think about local radio, which we hope to launch
in a couple of weeks. We’ll also give everyone tips on how to
file comments at the FCC on this matter, so policymakers can hear from
citizens and musicians. The comment period on this proceeding has just
been expanded to November 1.
FCC Opens Formal Inquiry on Localism
Taking another step forward in its mission to size up the job broadcasters
are doing in serving their local communities, the FCC today issued a
formal Notice Of Inquiry on the subject. FMBQ, July 1, 2004
FCC Dials Up Public Input on Radio Issues
With the FCC trying to address concerns about local broadcasting in
the age of consolidation, Powell has issued a notice inviting public
comment on localism issues.
By Bill Holland Billboard,
July 10, 2004
The Musicians’ and Citizens’ Guide to the DMCA
FMC intern Brett Keller has written a plain language explanation of
the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). While the DMCA may be “old
news”, the law continues to provide copyright owners with more
legal muscle to protect their copyrights in the digital age and is the
basis for all sorts of current litigation and disputes. The article
provides a summary with less jargon and more examples to help make the
law understandable. There are even two versions – one that outline
the entire law and one that focuses on the parts that apply to the world
of musical copyrights.
Hey, reader. Who are you? And why are you reading this? FMC is conducting
a simple online survey that will help us to understand who is subscribing
to the newsletter, what issues rank as the most important, and what
you’d like FMC to do more of less of if you could wave some sort
of magic wand over us.
The survey is anonymous and confidential, and would take you as little
as 3 minutes to fill out (longer if you want to provide us with specific
answers to some questions). Go here
to participate.
And thank you.
In the Newsstream
And then there were four...major labels that is. A lot more news below.
Here are some of our favorites.
MUSICIANS and ACTIVISM Singing out in protest
Musicians are producing a historic burst of activism, but you might
have to search for it.
By Randy Lewis
Los Angeles Times, August 2, 2004
PEER TO PEER Most people oppose music industry's anti-downloading campaign, survey
shows
A majority of Americans thinks the music industry has gone too far in
its campaign to sue illegal music downloaders, according to a recent
poll conducted by FindLaw.
By Leslie Brooks Suzukamo Knight
Ridder, June 28, 2004
HEALTH INSURANCE A New Pension Fund for Struggling Artists
New Pension Fund Seeks to Give Struggling Artists a Taste of Long-Term
Stability
By Julie Salamon
New York Times, July 20, 2004
DIGITAL MUSIC STORES 'Stunned' Apple rails against Real's iPod move
Apple Computer on issued a scathing response to RealNetworks' move to
unlock Apple's proprietary technology and make it possible for people
to listen to music in RealNetworks' digital file format on iPod devices.
By Matt Hines CNET News.com,
July 29, 2004
Apple signs big U.K. indies for iTunes
Deal marks breakthrough in licensing talks with influential independent
labels in the United Kingdom.
By John Borland CNET, July 21,
2004
EBay Tests Digital Music Waters
Online auction giant eBay will allow some customers to buy and sell
digital music files as part of a pilot program that could piggyback
on the success of Apple Computer's iTunes service.
Compiled by Laila Weir Wired,
July 15, 2004
NEW BUSINESS MODELS Musicians promised a cut of digital pie
The profits from file-sharing programs that allow users to swap music
files will be shared with artists once litigation settles down, according
to an executive involved in digital download services.
By Matthew Liddy
ABC News Online, July 8, 2004
D.I.Y. Means N.R.L. (no record label)
ArtistShare gives musicians an alternative to record labels while still
putting an album on the market.
By Fred Kaplan New
York Times, July 4, 2004
COPYRIGHT Sue You: This Song Is Our Song
An animated parody of President Bush and Sen. John Kerry set to the
tune of 'This Land Is Your Land' has everyone laughing except the owners
of Woody Guthrie's copyrights.
By Rachel Metz Wired,
July 29, 2004
What we’re doing
Kristin Thomson
In July, Kristin was thrilled to be a panelist at the Southern
Girls Rock and Roll Camp in Murfreesboro, TN where she talked about
what record labels do for musicians and the basics of the music industry
in front of a posse of 12-18 year old girls. Silently she remembered
the depressing number of God’s-eyes and pet rocks she made at
summer camps and thought how much cooler it would have been to have
learned drums instead. Unfortunately, time in Murfreesboro was interrupted
by mad dashes back to the dorm room she was staying in where she was
trying to organize the reply comments FMC filed at the FCC on digital
audio broadcast. She was also recently outed as a “rocker”
in a Philadelphia
Weekly article. In August, Kristin hopes to conduct some interviews
with folks from SoundExchange and iTunes as well as tidy up her home
office.
Jenny Toomey
Jenny is taking a leave of absence as FMC’s Executive Director
while she works on coordinating musicians in the election.
Michael Bracy
As the craziest of crazy political years moves forward, a number of
critical policy debates are taking place below the radar, both setting
a tone for upcoming policy decisions and encroaching on the valued August
break. In particular, we have been very enthused about FMC’s involvement
in the DAB and localism proceedings at the FCC and the developments
with Low Power FM in Congress. Michael will escape the DC humidity for
a few days in Massachusetts this weekend, then promises – no,
in fact he pledges – to clean his office before Labor Day.
Brian Zisk With the Induce Act on the table and Digital Radio at risk, there's
been a lot to talk about. The general thrust has been, please don't
implement hasty and premature legislation. Brian is also working on
an article regarding the selling of live shows, and what musicians should
look out for when working with others to do so.
How are we doing?
If you have any feedback, questions, or suggestions please send an
email to suggestions@futureofmusic.org,
and let us know how we're doing.
Thanks for your support and see you next time.
Jenny Toomey
Michael Bracy
Brian Zisk
Walter McDonough
Kristin Thomson
Peter DiCola
Public Enemy Frontman, Production Team and Insiders Discuss Landmark Album On July 17, FMC and Pitchfork Music Festival will host a free discussion about Public Enemy's It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back at Chicago's Cultural Center, featuring Chuck D, members of PE's production team and music media experts.
July 8, 2008 Press release | Event Page
FMC Files Brief to Protect Creative Expression
FMC and the Center for Creative Voices in Media filed a brief at the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, arguing that the FCC's indecency policy has a chilling effect on creativity and expression and deprives the public of access to protected speech.
July 2, 2008 Press release | Indecency amicus brief (PDF)
Wilco, Bright Eyes, Aimee Mann & more "Rock the Net" on Compilation CD
Thirsty Ear Recordings to release album on July 29 to benefit FMC's "Rock the Net" campaign for net neutrality.
June 2, 2008 Press release | Rock the Net
Musicians Get the Hint About Health Insurance
Two Raleigh concerts in memory of musician Drew Glackin; proceeds go to Glackin’s family and Future of Music Coalition’s Health Insurance Navigation Tool
April 10, 2008 Press release FMC's HINT program
New York State Music Education Events Examine Crucial Issues Facing Artists Forums in Rochester (April 28), Syracuse (April 29) and Albany (April 30) to focus on music, media, technology and policy issues for songwriters, composers and performers from all genres.
March 25, 2008 Event details | RSVP
Pop Rockers OK Go "Tour" Congress in Support of Net Neutrality
Damian Kulash and Andy Ross discuss the importance of open Internet structures to musicians; Kulash testifies before House Judiciary Committee.
March 13, 2008 Press release
Spoken testimony
Written testimony
Rock the Net
New York State Music Education Events Examine Crucial Issues Facing Artists Kick-off forum in Buffalo on April 2 to focus on music, media, technology and policy issues for songwriters, composers and performers from all genres. March 7, 2008 | Event details
Philly Bands Rocking for Net Neutrality February 23 Sugar Town show at Tritone in Philadelphia will showcase lady rockers and DJs, as well as musicians' support for net neutrality. February 15, 2008
OK Go and Bonerama Rocked DC for New Orleans Musicians Bands also champion FMC's "Rock the Net" campaign for net neutrality February 2 benefit show at DC's 9:30 Club raised over $8,000 for New Orleans musicians. Bands played cuts off their new benefit EP, You're Not Alone, available on iTunes on February 5. February 4, 2008
Upcoming Washington, DC show and benefit EP from OK Go & Bonerama
On February 2, OK Go and Bonerama will play a benefit at D.C.'s 9:30 Club in support of You're Not Alone - an EP to support Sweet Home New Orleans and Al "Carnival Time" Johnson. January 21, 2008
Successful New Orleans Concerts Aid Big Easy Musicians
Last week, two benefit concerts raised over $6,000 for Sweet Home New Orleans - a coalition of non-profit organizations that helps find affordable housing and provides rental assistance for the city's musicians - and Big Easy music legend Al "Carnival Time" Johnson.
January 15, 2008 Press release | Event details
Ann Chaitovitz Appointed
FMC's New Executive Director A proven leader in musician and public policy issues, Chaitovitz replaces founding Executive Director Jenny Toomey January 3, 2008
Concerts for New Orleans Musicians Bring Artists Together Two New Orleans shows and upcoming benefit CD from OK Go and Bonerama January 2, 2008
FMC's Jenny Toomey Appointed Program Officer for Ford Foundation
Kristin Thomson to Serve as FMC’s Interim Executive Director Michael Bracy to Chair FMC Board of Directors November 26, 2007
Seattle "Rocked the Net" Rep. Jay Inslee advocated network neutrality;
joined by rocker Matt Nathanson, Reclaim the Media, FMC and local music business representatives October 31, 2007
Rock the Net: Campaign for Net Neutrality Rocks Seattle
Teleconference with Rep Jay Inslee on Tuesday, Oct 30. Matt Nathanson performs at Seattle’s Crocodile Café on Tuesday, Oct. 30 October 26, 2007
Future of Music Policy Summit to Tackle Critical Issues at the Intersection of Music, Law, Technology and Policy Sen. Byron Dorgan and Sen. Ron Wyden to Deliver Keynote Addresses
Mac McCaughan, Bob Mould, Marybeth Peters of the U.S. Copyright Office and More Than 90 Other Panelists Confirmed. September 10, 2007 Summit home page Press Credentialing
AT&T's muting of bands points toward a pattern of silencing political speech Content monitor did not edit out 20 instances of curse words during Pearl Jam webcast, despite AT&T claim it hires monitors to block "excessive profanity". August 13, 2007
Top musicians, lawyers, technologists confirmed for FMC's 7th annual Policy Summit August 13, 2007 Press Release Summit home page Press Credentialing
FMC Statement on AT&T Silencing Pearl Jam's lyrics during Lollapalooza webcast August 9, 2007
FMC Statement on Federal Trade Commission Report on Net Neutrality June 29, 2007
FMC files testimony with House Small Business Committee on CRB Webcasting Rates June 27, 2007 Press Release | Testimony
Clear Channel strips local, independent artists of digital performance royalties
FMC has discovered that Clear Channel's online application for local and independent artists to submit their music for airplay on each of its stations requires the artist to approve a licensing agreement that does away with their digital performance right. June 22, 2007
Low Power Radio Gets New Push in Congress
Congress introduces bills to create hundreds of new low power FM radio stations to cities and suburbs across the country. June 22, 2007
FMC Announces Dates for 7th annual Policy Summit
September 17-18, 2007
GWU Betts Theatre, Washington, DC June 11, 2007
FMC Organizes "Musicians Bringing Musicians Home II"
A Benefit Concert on May 27 at New Orleans' Tipitina's for Sweet Home New Orleans featuring: Indigo Girls, Damian Kulash of OK Go, Jim James of My Morning Jacket, Matt Nathanson, Pamela Z...and special guests
May 23, 2007 Press Release | Details
Congressman Mike Doyle to address conference on music, law and technology
May 2 event will bring together leading experts from worlds of music, law, technology and policy. April 25, 2007
A2IM Endorses Rock the Net Campaign
American Association of Independent Music urges its label members to join the campaign for network neutrality. April 17, 2007
Music Mashes with Policy at upcoming Technology and IP Policy Day
May 2 event will bring together leading experts from worlds of music, law, technology and policy. April 16, 2007
FMC Applauds FCC's Payola Settlement
Payola agreement by FCC and big broadcast chains represents a major - but tentative - step toward once again opening the nation's airwaves to local music and voices. April 13, 2007
Rep. Edward Markey, Ted Leo kick off "Rock the Net"
Nearly 150 artists and labels have already signed onto campaign for net neutrality
March 27, 2007 Press Release | Rock the Net
Major Artists To Join Launch of Rock the Net Campaign for Net Neutrality March 23, 2007
FMC Statement on FCC's "Rules of Engagement" On Payola March 5, 2007
FMC Files Reply Comments in FCC Media Ownership Proceeding January 16, 2007
FMC Statement on FCC Payola Settlement
FMC's statement on FCC's reported consent decree with the broadcast industry in regards to payola. January 16, 2007
Radio Station Ownership Consolidation Shown to Harm Musicians and the Public
FMC study shows that the rapid consolidation of the commercial radio industry that followed the Telecommunications Act of 1996 has led to a loss of localism, less competition, fewer viewpoints and less diversity in radio programming in media markets across the country.
December 13, 2006 Press release Report details
FMC Organizes Musicians Bringing Musicians Home Benefit concert at New Orleans' Tipitina's on November 6th featuring Steve Earle, Mike Mills, Allison Moorer, Tom Morello, Boots Riley, Corin Tucker and special guests.
October 23, 2006 Read press release Read press coverage
Job
Losses Associated with Radio Consolidation Undermine Localism and Diversity FMC, Newspaper Guild and Consumers Union urge FCC to take employment effects
of their policies into account during upcoming review of media ownership rules August 9, 2006
FMC Releases Research on Employment and Wage Effects of Radio Consolidaton August 9, 2006
FMC on Preserving the Dynamism of the Internet Opinion Piece on ABC News June 29, 2006
FMC Statement on Senate Commerce Committee Vote in Support of LPFM June 28, 2006
FMC Statement on FCC Media Ownership Proceeding June 21, 2006
Indie-rock revolution, fueled by net neutrality Op-ed by FMC's Jenny Toomey and Michael Bracy June 13, 2006
Pearl Jam Donation To Help Musicians Help Themselves Proceeds From Washington, DC Appearance to be Donated to FMC Artist Research
Council May 25, 2006 Press Release
FMC signs on letter to preserve net neutrality May 17, 2006
FMC Announces Dates for Sixth Annual Future of Music Policy Summit
October 5-7, 2006 Media Advisory May 15, 2006
FMC Statement on Release of Feingold's Radio and Concert Disclosure
and Competition Act of 2005 November 18, 2005
FMC Sends Letter to Senate Commerce Committee in Support of a
Public Performance Right for Sound Recordings October 19, 2005
Top Names in Music, Law, Technology and Policy Return to Debate Critical
Issues at Fifth Annual Future of Music Policy Summit
September 6, 2005 Media Advisory | Policy
Summit home page
FMC Announces Health Insurance Navigation Tool
August 9, 2005 HINT Home Page
FMC Press Release: Music Mashes with Policy at DC Policy Day April 8, 2005
FMC's Michael Bracy Testifies in front
of House Judiciary Committee on "Digital Music Interoperability" April 6, 2005
FMC files comments at US Copyright Office on "Orphan
Works"
Comments also ask Copyright
Office to consider status of out-of-print recordings March 25, 2005
FMC Sends Letter to Senate Stating Concerns about S 193, Broadcast Decency Enforcement
Act March
10, 2005
FMC and artist groups file joint reply comments at FCC on localism in broadcasting,
MB Docket 04-233
January
3, 2005 PDF of document
